Personality Test - 575 Words

Personality Test ISFJ – Introverted Sensing Feeling Judging – â€Å" The Nurturer† According to the Myers-Briggs Personality Test, the â€Å"Nurturer† is a quiet and kind introvert that is dependable and sensitive towards others. The test described the ISFJ personality as one who is considerate and hard working, but at the same time, is flawed with stubbornness and inflexibility in their opinions. An ISFJ has a very clear idea of how things should be and will often be rigid unless proven with concrete evidence. While in certain situation, the test allowed me to better understand a portion of my character, the results seem to provide a narrow description of only certain characteristics. The personality test was able to articulate the†¦show more content†¦I disagree with the analysis that I often know the exact, right thing to do since there have been various times where I struggle to make a decision. I learned that while I am very responsible, there is also a part of me that is very passive in reaching for my goals. I go with the flow and let things prosper by themselves rather than pushing myself to the limit and forcing myself to do things that are necessary, but might not fit to my particular interests. This passive behavior is not described by the personality test, and contradicts with the hardworking aspect. I often get discouraged in the face of hardship and have a dangerous sense of insecurity and doubt when under a great amount of stress. Personally, I believe that everyone at any point in their life has room for improvement. With this test, I was able to learn that I am able to accomplish my goals if I can push myself more. I have to open myself to new possibilities and try to see through other’s point of view. With my characteristics, it is in my best interest to work in an environment where I can help others. I am highly observant and aware of others feelings and can easily work with others. Though I don’t think I’d be a very good leader, but rather a counselor of sort to aid others in performin g their jobs moreShow MoreRelatedPersonality Tests And Personality Test857 Words   |  4 Pages Personality plays an important role in very expect of our lives. Our job, relationship, career, income everything has a connection between our personalities. It works like a wall for an individual so the individual cannot go beyond this particular characteristics. There are 16 types of common personality which can be described based on only four letters preferences. Two authors named duo Katharine Cooks Briggs and Isabelle Myers Briggs explained different personality test which is supposed to tellRead MorePersonality Test Personality740 Words   |  3 PagesTaking a personality test is always interesting, you never know what information you could get about yourself. The personality test I had taken described myself as an adventurer. I didn’t really think of myself as an adventurer, but once I read the description of the results it changed my mind. According to the test results, some of my traits are artistic, unpredictable, and sensitive. The test I had taken was a Jungian pe rsonality view, so the letters I was given were ISFP. This test was reliableRead MorePersonality Tests : Personality Test1011 Words   |  5 Pagesdeeper into my own personality test named the big five personality test, I like to understand more about the concept of these evaluations. Personality tests are used in various ways and for several reasons. The spectrum of participate range from fun and humor to evaluations for professional and behavior perspectives. Many of these personality tests out there have an entertainment purpose only and have little scientifically value. So to understand the purpose of a personality test is a tool that isRead MoreThe Test Of Personality Assessments1732 Words   |  7 Pages There are a number of personality assessments available for clinicians to implement with the same intended purpose- to obtain a deeper understanding of an individual’s personality. Whether the answers to the questions are self-reported by the individual taking the assessment, or recorded by the clinician, the answers themselves are not what is most important. Whether it is related to a specific diagnosis, or a previous experience, these tests are administered to gain insight into an individual’sRead MoreThe Jung Personality Test : A Test895 Words   |  4 Pages The Jung Personality Test, was a test, trying to figure out about what kind of person I am. The test had many different questions it was asking and I would answer them truthfully. Through this test, I learned I was extroverted, sensitive, a thinker/feeler and perceiving . The first word I tested for was being extroverted, this means that I am easy to approach, social and that I like going to parties. I knew this was true, because I am really easy to approach. People come up to me all the timeRead MorePersonality Traits Of Personality Tests989 Words   |  4 PagesMy whole life I have been intrigued by personality tests. I love seeing the results I get, even if the test is about what type of pizza I am. However, the more tests I took, the easier it was to find the patterns within the tests. I realized that most of the answers that are supposedly â€Å"tailored to me† are just general personality traits that could apply to the majority of the population. The Strengths Quest quiz was not one of these tests. Although I found a few similar questions, the quiz is soRead MoreThe On Dope Personality Test851 Words   |  4 PagesDOPE PERSONALITY TEST The creator of DOPE personality test is Richard N. Stephenson a business and career clarity. People who taken the test thought it was a psychological exam, but it’s really a self-assessment for yourself; to know who you are. Richard Stephenson a creator of his website called richardstep.com talks about different people actions and behaviors. When he created the â€Å"which bird are you†; only to find out what acts, communicates, and behavior that you might countering when you areRead MoreHow Personality Tests Within Organizations3582 Words   |  15 Pageshave devised several ways of recruiting the best employees and one major way is the use of the personality test. Personality tests are used to measure several things including experience and skill of the candidates. In addition the employer will use personality tests to determine whether the job applicant has the required enthusiasm and motivation. This paper will tackle the use of personality tests within organizat ions there importance and how they have been used over the years to determine theRead MoreWhy Personality Test Is Important?767 Words   |  4 PagesTheme Paper #1 I recently took a similar test through my employment to help give our director a better idea of the type of employees she had working in her department and how to use each one of skills set to best of the company. I was expecting to get the similar results however I did not get similar results. Different results from different test can be caused by participant error due to overall mood when taking the test. I know that during my coursework my thought patterns have changed which wasRead MorePersonality Test : The Emotional Intelligence Test1459 Words   |  6 Pages Personalities help define a person as to who they are. After taking four personality tests, it is easy to understand how a person views themselves may not always be accurate. Some questions were very difficult to answer and required a bit of thinking. The test that I felt best described myself was the Big Five Personality Test. Almost everything that it listed, I felt like describes me to an extent. The test I feel that w as least like me was the Emotional Intelligence Test. I received a poor score

Bullying in School Counselors’ Strategies for Prevention...

Bullying is defined as â€Å"verbal, physical, or psychological abuse or teasing accompanied by real or perceived imbalance of power† and is usually targets what children perceive as different (Olweus, 1993). Bullying is prevalent across the nation. It has devastating effects on students each day. Bullying is a problem for all students, regardless of race, gender or class. The National Education Association reports that 160,000 children are absent intentionally from school each day because they fear being bullied whether it is an attack or just intimidation by other students. This accounts for 15% of all school absenteeism (Hunter, 2012). Dan Olweus (1993) from the National School Safety Center tells us that bullying includes three parts: (1)†¦show more content†¦Students experience many negative effects from bullying which effect their mental, emotional, and physical health as well as their social well being and academic performance. (Berger, 2007). Diversity and bul lying are often linked. Learning to respect diversity means that we as a school district and community must eliminate bullying (San Antonio Salfass, 2007). Much research has been done on student perceptions of bullying but few have examined the issue from the perspective of school counselors. The purpose of this study is to identify the most prevalent forms of bullying on a high school campus and identify which strategies are most effective to prevent or respond to bullying. The study will also identify the most effective strategies to improve student achievement and attendance for those students who have experienced bullying. Students must feel safe to learn. Students who are bullied have a propensity to avoid the bullies; therefore, they choose not to attend school. Poor attendance often will result in poor grades and even dropping out of school. Bullying is such a dominant problem in schools that counselors must strive to discover effective strategies to address the issue. What intervention strategies are perceived by the counselors at a large diverse high school to be most effective in response to or in prevention of bullying? What is theShow MoreRelatedStrategies to Prevent Bullying in Elementary Schools Essay1395 Words   |  6 PagesStrategies to Prevent Bullying In Elementary Schools Introduction Bullying is an everyday occurrence in schools around the world (Murray-Harvey, Skryzpiec, Slee, 2012). Bullying usually involves â€Å"physical, verbal, or relational aggression designed to cause or threaten physical or emotional harm to the intended victim that is delivered directly or through technological means† (Banks, Blake, Ewing, Lund, 2012, p. 246). Though bullying and harassment occur every day, it is something that can beRead MoreEssay on Bullying In America989 Words   |  4 PagesBullying is an act that is an everyday occurrence in some people’s lives. Bullying can be direct or indirect. What this means, is that bullying can be in the form of violence such as hitting and kicking or in the form of verbal abuse such as name calling and teasing. Manipulation and exclusion are also forms of bullying. Bullying can be taken into consideration as a minor assault but any form should be taken seriously. Whether it is taken to an extreme, done over a long or shor t period of time, orRead MoreTeen Suicide Is A Complicated Tragedy1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthese strategies can help prevent suicide (â€Å"Medicine.Net†). Teens are exposed to many types of abuse physically, mentally, and socially. When teenagers are attacked by abuse, it can take a toll of its own. Experiencing abuse from peers and family members can alter a person s mental state. Statistics show that bullying and suicide are increasing at an alarming rate. Approximately 1 out of every 15 high school students reports attempting suicide each year. One out of every 53 high school studentsRead MoreSchool s Responsibility On The Prevention Of School Violence1068 Words   |  5 Pagesresponsibility in the prevention of school violence: Why the schools are responsible for the safety of children Every parent wants their children to go to school to learn and feel safe. With bullying, fighting and sexual offenses in schools across this country, teachers and faculty should do everything in their power to ensure the safety of all students. However, in order to combat the violence, teachers must first understand the problem and come up with strategies to address the issues. School safety continuesRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Abuse On Adolescents And Adults881 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship and were emotionally and physically abusing their child. Aiden received negative messages throughout his childhood and adolescent years and this in turn became a self-fulfilling prophecy. Intervention strategies throughout his life span could have altered the course of the school shooting. Childhood Experiences Aiden experienced emotional abuse from his father throughout his childhood. Kent and Waller (1998 p393) argues† that emotional abuse is the â€Å"core† issue in childhood trauma.† TheRead MoreSchool Wide Approach For Addressing School Bullying Prevention Program951 Words   |  4 PagesComprehensive Programs As a foundation, a comprehensive, school-wide approach is essential to addressing school bullying (Aluedse, 2006). Such an approach requires collaboration among all stakeholders including students, teachers, counselors, administration, and parents, creating a shared sense of investment and ownership (Austin et al., 2012). Rather than simple modification to existing character education lessons, a comprehensive approach addresses systemic change and individual interventionsRead MoreSchool Bullying : Bullying And Bullying2186 Words   |  9 Pages School Bullying Susan Polk Chamberlain School of Nursingâ€Æ' School Bullying Tyler Clementi 18, a freshman in college. Phoebe Prince 15, a high school sophomore. Jamey Rodemeyer 14, a freshman in high school. Megan Meier 13, an eighth grade middle school student. Mitchell Wilson 11, a sixth grade middle school student. Ashlynn Conner 10, a fifth grade elementary school. They are all victims of bullying and today they are all dead from suicide because of being bullied. Bullies are in elementary/middle/high/Read MoreBullying : Are All Victims Of Bullying And Today?1873 Words   |  8 PagesPrince 15, high school sophomore. Jamey Rodemeyer 14, freshmen in high school. Megan Meier 13, eight grade middle school student. Mitchell Wilson 11, sixth grade middle school student. Ashlynn Conner 10, fifth grade elementary school. They are all victims of bullying and today they are all dead from suicide because of being bullied. Bullies are in elementary/middle/high/ schools, colleges, universities, and in the workplace. Being able to identify a situation that can be def ined as bullying is of the upmostRead MoreBullying Is A Social Interest2346 Words   |  10 Pageson bullying since the 1980s when Olweus, who was a Norwegian researcher, began to study bullying. In Scandinavia, bullying had become a social interest because people noticed that it was a problem in their society. The school officials in Scandinavia did not take action against bullying until three boys from Norway had committed suicide because they were bullied by their peers. This event caused national interest in bully and victim problems. Since, people suspected that there was a bullying issueRead MoreBullying Is The Most Effective Tool Against Bullying Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesgeneral, bullying happens during adolescence when a group of people bullies an individual. There are mainly two types of bullying-school and cyber bullying. A 2014 World Health Organization (2015) report findings show that, suicide rate caused by bullying is 60% higher in Japan than the global average . In addition, 25,000 Japanese people committed suicide in 2014. In other words, about 70 people took their own lives each day (The Japan Times, 2015). If we keep ignoring this problem, bullying and suicide

Mercury Footwear Questions Free Essays

Among the first companies to offer fashionable walking, hulking and boating footwear. Its mother company decided to extend the brand by creating complementary line of apparel. Because of the poor performance, it was decided to sold. We will write a custom essay sample on Mercury Footwear Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Style Logo is marked with prosperous, active and fashion-conscious lifestyle. Its main customers are not interest in its apparel. Financial performance Among the most profitable firms. Had poor performance after acquisition by WAC. Revenue contribution 42% of revenue from athletic shoes and balance from casual footwear. Revenue and operating Income were 470. Million and 60. 4 million In 2006. Revenue and EBITDA were 431. 1 million and 518 million.. Products Athletic shoes developed from high-performance footwear to athletic fashion wear. Four main segments: men’s and women’s athletic and casual footwear. In order to emphasizing individual products, it began to monitor styles and images from global culture Focus on smaller portfolio of classic products with longer lifestyles and could maintain simple production and supply chains. Sales channels Mainly sold in department stores, specialty retailers, wholesalers and independent distributors. Small percentage is sold through website. Department stores, specialty stores, catalogs, discount retailers and internet. Inventory management Good at inventory management in the industry. Inventory management performance is worse than the average level. Outsource Outsource manufacture in China. Outsource main materials in foreign suppliers. Advantages Disadvantages It takes small size as its competitive disadvantages. And it faced with some problems in the consolidation of manufacturers. Price cuts and promotion in apparel line hurts operating margins but helped to the growth in sales. Sales growth is lower than the average because of there is little discount in price. We could learn that managers of GAG want to enlarge the scale of its company and gain larger market share because of the stable profit margin. And since the revenue is almost the same, it is a good choice to merge with Mercury, which means that revenue would be doubled after acquisition. And these two companies have some similar factors, such as : (1) They could use the same sale channels after acquisition, and internet channel could be enlarged. (2) They could combine manufacturers to get a powerful bargain in suppliers. 3) The product segments are almost the same, which means that there should be little work to do after acquisition in product adjustment. (4) Thanks to the profitable ability of GAG, it is much easier to make a better financial performance of Mercury. (5) It is good for them to increase the performance of inventory management if they merge together. 6) Although their target customers are different, especially in ages, which means that style and brand are different in the very beginning, this factor could turn into an advantage for the new company could have a fully segment of customers with wider age ranges. Therefore, take into above factors into account; we think that Mercury should be an appropriate target for GAG. 2. Review the projections formul ated by Little. Are they appropriate? How would In the case, we could find that Little used historical averages to assume the overhead-to-revenue ratio. However, historical data is usually useless for future. Some studies found there is little evidence that firms grew fast continued to grow fast in the next period. And sometimes there are even negative correlations between growth rates in the two periods. Besides, smaller firms tend to be more volatile than others, which we could find the same characteristics in these two firms we are talking about. And Just as we mentioned in the question 1, revenue may be doubled after acquisition, it Just fits the theory that it is difficult to maintain historical growth rates as firms double or triple in size. Therefore, based on the above analysis, we think that it is not reasonable to use historical data for future projections. And sometimes, analyst should be better than the historical growth. Considering that there are five main channels for analyst forecasts: firm-specific information, macroeconomic information, information revealed by competitors on future prospects, private information about the firm and public information other than earnings, we think Little could find more information from above channels to get more accurate assumption. And since performance of Mercury is poorer than the average of the industry, it is better to use industry average level for the benchmarking of Mercury when predicting, instead of a discount rate of GAG for example. And from the comparison of 2007 to 2006, we can find Ileitis’s forecast need great input from GAG to support the development of Mercury, whether he has taken this into consideration? And he estimate debt/equity ratio remains the same as GAG, that is also unreasonable, for it is not possible to change that in short period. How to cite Mercury Footwear Questions, Papers

Architecture Software Defined Wireless Networking †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Architecture Software Defined Wireless Networking. Answer Introduction The concept of data communication can be considered as a process of processing data, which is in the form of digital from one system or computer to another. The approach is very much helpful in generating a medium of communication between two systems. The connection between two devices is mainly created using either cable media or wire. The Internet can be considered one of the best example in this scenario. There are many devices, which play an active role in the concept of example switch, hub, router, bridge etc. The devices form a basic infrastructure, which is needed for communication (Sayood, 2017). The focus point of the report is to create an understanding of the different components, which are related to the communication concept. To explain in detail different environment of the network are also taken into consideration. In the next part of the report, different cables, which are engaged in the concept, are taken into consideration. The cables mainly vary in size and the purpose. They are implemented according to the requirement of the user. Components required in network Bridge The Bridge can be used for joining two LAN workgroups. The benefit, which can be achieved from the concept, is that it can directly reduce the traffic problem using network division into more than one sector. In the environment of network, it is majorly seen that when a traffic flood a network with an enormous amount of data (Uysal et al., 2016). The issue results in slowing down of data, in this situation a bridge, can be used which would be isolating the network flow. Router The Router can be considered as a complex device, which can be used to more than one device into the network separately and independently. In routers, there is a physical interface, which can be used to connect devices to one or more network without focusing on the part of the platform of the technology or the network. The device can be considered user-friendly in a way due to the factor that it can be implemented in any architecture of the network. The operation of the Router is conducted on the network layer and to implement the functionality they use the network-addressing concept. For a UNIX device to operate with a window based, the concept of IP address is used which is a universal common address. The device only decides the path, which is to be selected for the router to send out the two other router, and it does not involve user interference (Liggins et al., 2017). DSL Modem The full form of DSL stands for Direct Subscriber Line. The technology can be considered as a concept of transmission of signal or information over the standard telephone lines. Taking into consideration a normal landline, it can be used for voice calls using a frequency range, which is low from 0 Hz to 4 Hz. This frequency range can be termed as voice band range due to the factor of a small part of the frequency. On the other hand, it can be stated that the DSL uses a frequency, which is higher in range as compared to voice band frequency. The range, which is used, is for the functionality is in the range of 25 KHz to 1.5 MHz this frequency can be used for the transmission of the audible voice, which has a frequency range of 20 KHz (Yang Liao, 2016). Switch A switch is a device, which operates at the OSI layer 2 or the access level. The device can be used for the concept of connecting more than one host to a particular network. Comparing the device with a Hub, which does to forward a message to a host, the switch can directly forward the message to the host. A switch can send a message to another switch. The main working in this aspect is that the switch decodes and obtains the frame and decodes the physical address concerning the MAC address. There is a variety of switch, which can be implemented according to the requirement, for example, stackable switches and modular switches. The access layer switch can also be one of the varieties of the switch, which one of the predominant players in the category of the switch (Lu et al., 2015). It facilitates the connection between two nodes directly into the framework of the network using devices such as Printers and modems. Network Interface Card The network interface can be used for the concept of connecting computers to local data network or internet. The card can convert the data into an electrical signal, which is sent over the concept of the internet. The popularity, which is implied to the concept in recent times every computer device has a network interface card attached to it. The network card can be incorporated in a computer, which is a bare bone that does not have a network card attached to it. An example of a network environment in this context is that when a user is logged into a system to access the internet, the computer passes the information of the site into the network card using concerting the address into electrical pulses. The pulses are carried by the network card to the server of the internet, which is somewhere over the internet which response by means of sending a web page to the user in the form of electronic media (Hayes et al., 2017). Hub A hub can be considered as a rectangular box, which is made up of plastic and receives the power from an outlet for power. The main function of the hub is to connect multiple systems into the framework of the network. The formation of the network is done in such a way that it can produce a means of communication between them in a secured manner. The linking of the segments of the LAN from the system is the main function of the Hub (Bernardos et al., 2014). The Hub consists of more than one port. The Hub and the Switch have a similar type of functionality attached to it. The hub is capable of handling data types, which are known as a frame. There are three types of Hub, which are attached to the concept, which are passive, active and intelligent. The main benefit, which can be achieved from the concept, is that it can directly replace a broken network. Networking cable Unshielded Twisted Pair The Unshielded Twisted Pair cable is one of the most wide cables which are used in the concept of computer and telecommunication. There are usually colour-coding which help in the detection of the purpose which individual wire serve. They can be used and implemented according to the requirement of the user and the purpose it is going to serve (Bernardos et al., 2014). Size 0.43 cm (0.17 inches) Speed 10 to 1000 Mbps Cost - $1 20 $ Shielded twisted pair The shielded twisted pair cable is very much similar to the unshielded twisted pair cable. The main difference is that it consists of a shield, which protects the wire or the line of transmission from electronic interference (Lu et al., 2015). Size 0.73 cm Speed 10 to 100 Mbps Cost - $3 $ 10. Fiber optic cable The fibre optic cable is one of the networking cables, which consist of glass fibre, which is located inside a casing for means of protection, which is very much insulted as protection from fire. The main concept, which can be achieved from it, is that it can be used for telecommunication, which involves data of high performance (Bernardos et al., 2014). Size 0.89 cm Speed High into the range of gigabits Cost - $ 5.87 per foot. Conclusion The reports focus point is the components, which are involved in the concept of networking. The devices, which are discussed above, provides a basic framework for the concept of achieving the concept of communication between two devices. Each component, which is involved in the concept, is explained using the concept of the network environment. In the second half of the report, the focus point is the cables, which are involved in providing a means of communication between the devices. It can be stated in accordance to the cables there are a variety of cables, which can be used according to the requirement of the user, and the purpose it will be serving in the concept of the internet. The size, cost and a short description of all the cables are highlighted in the report. References Bernardos, C. J., De La Oliva, A., Serrano, P., Banchs, A., Contreras, L. M., Jin, H., Ziga, J. C. (2014). An architecture for software defined wireless networking.IEEE wireless communications,21(3), 52-61. Dehos, C., Gonzlez, J. L., De Domenico, A., Ktenas, D., Dussopt, L. (2014). Millimeter-wave access and backhauling: the solution to the exponential data traffic increase in 5G mobile communications systems?.IEEE Communications Magazine,52(9), 88-95. Hayes, J. R., Sandoghchi, S. R., Bradley, T. D., Liu, Z., Slavk, R., Gouveia, M. A., ... Petrovich, M. N. (2017). Antiresonant hollow core fiber with an octave spanning bandwidth for short haul data communications.Journal of Lightwave Technology,35(3), 437-442. Kreutz, D., Ramos, F. M., Verissimo, P. E., Rothenberg, C. E., Azodolmolky, S., Uhlig, S. (2015). Software-defined networking: A comprehensive survey.Proceedings of the IEEE,103(1), 14-76. Liggins II, M., Hall, D., Llinas, J. (Eds.). (2017).Handbook of multisensor data fusion: theory and practice. CRC press. Lu, X., Niyato, D., Wang, P., Kim, D. I., Han, Z. (2015). Wireless charger networking for mobile devices: Fundamentals, standards, and applications.IEEE Wireless Communications,22(2), 126-135. Lu, X., Wang, P., Niyato, D., Kim, D. I., Han, Z. (2015). Wireless networks with RF energy harvesting: A contemporary survey.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,17(2), 757-789. Sayood, K. (2017).Introduction to data compression. Morgan Kaufmann. Sharma, S., Staessens, D., Colle, D., Palma, D., Goncalves, J., Figueiredo, R., ... Demeester, P. (2014, September). Implementing quality of service for the software defined networking enabled future internet. InSoftware Defined Networks (EWSDN), 2014 Third European Workshop on(pp. 49-54). IEEE. Uysal, M., Capsoni, C., Ghassemlooy, Z., Boucouvalas, A., Udvary, E. (Eds.). (2016).Optical wireless communications: an emerging technology. Springer. Yang, S. J., Liao, C. H. (2016, November). A study of critical success factors on software quality assurance of cloud networking devices. InSystems and Informatics (ICSAI), 2016 3rd International Conference on(pp. 762-767). IEEE. Zilberman, N., Audzevich, Y., Kalogeridou, G., Manihatty-Bojan, N., Zhang, J., Moore, A. (2015). Netfpga: Rapid prototyping of networking devices in open source.ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,45(4), 363-364.

Jazz Essays (1051 words) - English-language Films,

Jazz Jazz has been an influence in many artist's work, from painting to other forms of music. Jazz is an American music form that was developed from African-American work songs. The white man began to imitate them in the 1920's and the music form caught on and became very popular. Two artists that were influenced by jazz were Jean-Michel Basquiat and Stuart Davis. The influence is quite evident in many of their works, such as Horn Players, by Basquiat, and Swing Landscape, by Davis. Stuart Davis was born in Philadelphia in 1894. He grew up in an artistic environment, his father was art director of a Philadelphia newspaper, who had employed Luks, Glackens, and other members of the Eight. He studied with Robert Henri from 1910 to 1913, made covers and drawings for the social realist periodical The Masses, which was associated with the Ash-can School, and exhibited watercolors in the Armory Show, which made an overwhelming impact on him. After a visit to Paris in 1928 he introduced a new note into U.S. cubism, basing himself on its synthetic rather than its analytical phase. Using natural forms, particularly forms suggesting the characteristic environment of American life, he rearranged them into flat poster-like patterns with precise outlines and sharply contrasting colors. He later went on to pure abstract patterns, into which he often introduced lettering, suggestions of advertisements, and posters. The zest and dynamism of such works as Swing Landscape reflect his interest in jazz, which Davis considered to be the counterpart to abstract art. Davis is often considered to be the outstanding American artist to work in a cubism idiom. He made witty and original use of it and created a distinctive American style, for however abstract his works became he always claimed that every image he used had its source in observed reality. Davis once said " I paint what I see in America, in other words I paint the American scene." Stuart Davis' works of the late 1930's celebrate the urban and technological environment and are quite complex and frequently recall Legers's brightly coloured geometric forms. Early works depict saloons and ragtime musicians. Titles and images of his works in the 30's reflect syncopation and unusual rhythm of jazz, particularly swing. Jean-Michel Basquiat was born in 1960, four years before Stuart Davis' death. At an early age Basquiat showed an interest and love for drawing. His mother often took him to The Brooklyn Museum, The Museum of Modern Art, and The Metropolitan Museum of Art. At the age of seven he and a friend of his wrote and illustrated a children's book. Basquiat was inspired by Alfred Hitchcock films, cars, comic books, and Alfred E. Newman from Mad Magazine. By the time he was seven he was an avid reader of French, Spanish, and English texts. In his teenage years Basquiat ran away from home often. He did not like obedience. By 1978 he was in with the "in crowd." The filmmakers and artists of New York. He enjoyed doing graffiti work using the name SAMO ( same old *censored* ). Basquiat's career was divided into three broad phases. From 1980 to 1982 he used painterly gestures, mostly skeletal figures that signal his obsession with mortality. He also used figures that represent street existence, such as policeman, buildings, and graffiti. From 1982 to 1985 he was using more phrases and words in his paintings. They reveal a strong interest in his black and hispanic identity and his identification with historical and contemporary black figures and events. The last phase was from 1986 until his death in 1988. His work displays a new type of figurative depiction, using different symbols, sources, and content. He was seeking a new territory in his work. When Basquiat's Horn Players and Davis' Swing Landscape are displayed side by side it is quite obvious that they were done by two different artist. In Swing Landscape it is not obvious that this piece was inspired by jazz, as where in Horn Players the influence of jazz is evident. These painters have two completely different styles but are inspired by the same types of things. They are inspired by society and music. They both appreciate the art value of music, especially jazz. Stuart Davis' Swing Landscape is quite colorful and vibrant. The colors give a feeling of jazz with the use of blues and cool colors. The use of the warm colors shows the unpredictability of jazz. There are many forms of geometric shapes used in this painting. The shapes used in this painting again

The evacuation of dunkirk Essays

The evacuation of dunkirk Essays The evacuation of dunkirk Essay The evacuation of dunkirk Essay but I have a believe it was written by an Italian as it is an Italian cartoon. It was published just after the evacuation and therefor it is a primary source. This a form of Italian propergander because it is trying to influence the Italians that they are joining the war on the stronger side. It is reliable from the Italian point of view but biased from the British point of view. Source 4 This source again tells us that the British were defeated in the military war, but it has a swing on it as it tells us the it was a victory for the British in the form of propergander in the newspapers. This source is a secondary source because it was written in 2000 on the 60th anniversary of Dunkirk by a BBC media correspondent for the BBC show on Dunkirk. I feel that this source is very reliable because it was written by the BBC who are always very factual. They are showing how the British newspaper could influence the British people. Source 5 this source is a picture of the beach that the British troops were evacuated from. It shows us the all the British military belongings that were left on the beach. I do not feel that this source is reliable because this could of been a section of the beach where the photographer made look worse than it actually was but it is reliable in some ways because it is a photograph that I feel has not been edited. The source is a primary source because it was taken in the early days of June 1940. But I feel the picture has some value to it because it was never published in Britain. Conclusion. Although the idea of this being a disaster is backed up well with the sources with more than one view and the fact that I feel the sources that are backing up the theory of a miracle all point at the one conclusion of Most men were evacuated I still feel it as a miracle for good reason. The evacuation proved that the unity of the British people could not be broken and the moral could not be lowered by any nation. I feel that the fact that Britain managed to evacuate all those people is a miracle in its self, although I do feel there was a bit of luck in the fact that Hitler chose bot to attack, even when the British were like sitting ducks. There were some elements of the evacuation that were a disaster which were the fact that they lost men, and artillery and the faith that other countries put in them to stop the torrid forces of Hitler and Germany. But Britain had time to rebuild there army and artilleries after the evacuation to overcome this defeat to win the war. I think that although they were defeated it could have been much worse. They could have lost many more men, ships, tanks and other artilleries. So my conclusion is that it was a miracle that they rebuilt themselves after this defeat, it was a miracle they got all there men out of there alive, but it was the biggest disaster in the history of British war in the fact that they were crushed and sent straight back from the powers of the German forces.

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 34

Reading Response - Essay Example In this film, director Lourdes Portillo shows various testimonies from the victims’ families, which, if only used properly, can help catch the real criminal/criminals. The film also indicates a possible collusion between the police and the criminals, where it is highly probable that some of the police are rapists too, since they have not duly resolved this long-standing investigation. Unfortunately, the local and central government are blind and deaf to the pleas of families, friends, and supporters of the deceased. To make matters worse, the cosmetics industry, through MAC and its collaboration with Rodarte, shows either apathy or absurdity in creating a cosmetics line called â€Å"Juarez.† Julianne Hing reports how consumers negatively reacted to the line. I appreciate that beauty and fashion bloggers made an outcry against this tasteless beauty line. These works underscore how insane these killings are because they reveal the ugliness of gender and social class codes and the ugliness of beauty brands. These works are connected to the social construction of gender, specifically, the visibility and invisibility of gender. Judith Lorber, in â€Å"Night to His Day: The Social Construction of Gender,† talks about how society creates and reinforces gender through different social, economic, political, and legal structures. Lorber stresses that â€Å"the most powerful means of sustaining the moral hegemony of the dominant gender ideology of the dominant gender ideology is that the process is made invisible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (58). My analysis is that gender makes femininity and masculinity visible and then makes it invisible through making society accept gender beliefs and attitudes. In the case of disappearing and raped women in Juarez, their gender and social class are the main reasons that they are invisible to their government. Nieves argues for the connection between gender and lack of

Transfer from Cal Poly Pomona to USC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Transfer from Cal Poly Pomona to USC - Essay Example Lack of passion in agriculture and biology as subjects and redefined personal and professional goals that identify with civil engineering are therefore the immediate motivation into the desire to change my academic program and institution. While Cal Poly Pomona also offers civil engineering program, I prefer studying the course at USC because of its better facilities and staff that has earned it a better reputation among engineering colleges, being ranked better Cal Poly Pomona. This means that I shall develop greater potentials at USC than at Cal Poly Pomona, a factor that will enhance my long-term career and academic objectives. My primary and short-term objective is to complete the civil engineering program with outstanding academic and technical potentials for a faster career establishment and career development path. I also plan to study civil engineering at graduate and postgraduate levels and therefore desire a strong foundation that USC promises than the Cal Poly Pomona does. The transfer will, therefore, help me pursue my academic and career goals with higher success potentials and I look forward to your kind consideration that will facilitate these objectives.

One consequence of globalisation is that transnational corporations Essay

One consequence of globalisation is that transnational corporations have become increasingly adept at creating new ways of organizing and outsourcing production. Critically evaluate this statement - Essay Example Manufacturing was the life blood of a nation’s economy. This is not the case anymore. Although the productivity of the manufacturing sector in United Kingdom, and elsewhere, has improved, the share of manufacturing in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the countries of the developed world has declined (OECD 2009). In the United Kingdom, for instance, the share of manufacturing has come down from nearly 22% in 2000 to 16% in 2007 (OECD 2009). One of the most important reasons for this loss in the share of manufacturing sector is the emergence of Asian and other third world countries as a provider of cheap labour where the transnational companies could shift their manufacturing units and continue manufacturing their products at a fraction of the cost of what it would have had, had they continued to manufacture it in the developing world. The multinationals have become adept at exploiting each and every opportunity to reduce the costs of their products by shifting their production base from one low cost centre to another low cost centre. This has resulted in increasing profits for the companies, and in some cases, lower prices for the end customer. On the other hand, globalization has also lead to problems for the transnational organizations. They have received negative publicity over the alleged ill treatment of the workers at their low cost manufacturing centres, and for using the natural resources of the countries they are operating in and spreading pollution there. The transnational corporations try to adapt themselves to the changing landscape of business in many different ways. Their responses have ranged from outsourcing a part of their business to acquiring strategic business partners abroad. The advantages offered by moving the manufacturing units offshore are not only related to cost, but also to quality, risk mitigation and the ability to concentrate on the core areas of business. The biggest

Development of Cryptography Studies

Development of Cryptography Studies 0.1 Abstract This report is an overview of some structures that have heavily influence the course and study of Cryptography the last decades. Initially, we will analyse the structure of some important ciphers such as DES, 3DES and AES by underlying some dark and complicated points and emphasizing the critical  functions called S-boxes. We will then expand of some basic attributes of these block ciphers, for example the running time of them and their hardware and software performance. Finally, we will focus on a highly important aspect of these cryptosystems, security by exploring some of the most significant attacks that have been discovered against them. The paper is concluded with a presentation of the most important results of our investigation. 1 Introduction Cryptography has a very rich history, rooted back in the ancient years. Even Greeks of classical times have demonstrated understanding of ciphers, with the example of Herodotus to be the most well known, who tattooed a message to his slave head on a slaves shaved head and hide it under his regrown hair. Before the modern era, cryptography had an absolute target the achievement of confidentiality of a message. The most crucial years for cryptography were undoubtedly the last century. The decisive step was an investigation of Claude Shannon, the father of information security. In his seminar at 1949, Shannon analysed and illustrated block ciphers and suggest that, if they are combined with some operations that can provide the whole cipher with permutation and substitution, they should be a reasonable option. A block cipher, is an encryption scheme that belongs in the branch of Cryptography that is called symmetric-key Cryptography. This name is justified by the fact that the parties th at are involved in the communication through the cipher use the same secret key. Later designed as iterated product ciphers, block ciphers are deterministic algorithms that operate on fixed length groups of bits, called blocks. The major attribute for a block cipher is that the length of the input, called plaintext, and the length of the output, called ciphertext, is always the same. They take as an input a key of k-bits length and the this key is expanded to many different keys following a sequence of operations, the so called round keys. Typically, a block cipher is built by iteration, using a function called round function. In every round, the round function takes as an input the corresponding message and the round key and produces a new outcome which is oriented to be used in the next round. The final round will produce the ciphertext. Block ciphers have been widely used and dramatically influence the new era of humanity, and more importantly for commercial reasons in industry a nd banking. There is a remarkable variety of examples from block ciphers, although for the rest of this paper we will focus on the most famous examples that dominated the whole area of symmetric-key Cryptography in the new era. These are called DES, 3DES, AES. Blowfish has also attracted the attention since there isnt still any known vulnerability but it will remain outside of the scope of this report. 2 Analysis and Description 2.1 Data Encryption Standard (DES) Nowadays, DES is considered to be insecure, but it had a huge impact in the development of the symmetric-key cryptography for many decades after its invention. It has been designed back in 1976, when the government of the United States realized the overwhelming necessity of an algorithm that could effectively protect government data and safely used for buying products from the international markets. The most interesting difference of DES with its predecessor, Lucifer, which has been designed by Horst Fiestel, is that the key length and the block length has been reduced significantly. Nevertheless, the key length, especially, was from the time that DES was published, under heavy criticism and was actually badly broken in 1997 with the so-called exhaustive search attack. That means that a machine was able to search all the possible keys and find the correct one. DES has a very rich history of attacks and we will examine some of these attacks in more detail later in this paper. The core idea behind DES is the so-called Feistel Network, where a block cipher can built up with the use of some arbitrary functions f0,f1,fd : {0,1}n → {0,1}n. There is a wide variety of block ciphers that have a similar construction, although AES has a completely different construction. The critical point in these kinds of constructions is the structure of these functions, which can vary significantly. Abstractly speaking, the main target is to construct an invertible function F : {0,1}2n → {0,1}2n in order to able to decrypt the ciphertext. DES is basically a 16-round Fiestel network. More specifically, the input is exactly 64 bits, so R0 and L0 are 32 bits each. Obviously, from the diagram above, in every the half of the bits remains unchanged. The other half comes with a sequence of operations. Initially, as specified by the protocol, a permutation of the whole input takes place, followed by a 16-round Fiestel Network. Each function f0,f1,f16 : {0,1}16 → {0 ,1}16 that is used at each round is computed by using the corresponding subkey, fi(x) = F(ki,x) ,in order to make the decryption circuit feasible and manageable from a hardware perspective of view. This subkey is produced by the main key, in the following way: 56 bits are selected from the 64 bits that contains the key, the 56 bits are divided into two 28 bit halves and each half is treated afterwards separately. In every round, both halves are rotated form the left to the right by one or two bits and then 48 bits are selected, 24 from the left and 24 from the right to build the corresponding subkey. After these 16 rounds of the Fiestel network, there is one more permutation before the final output is computed. The following image describes the construction of the fi function. Initially, the input of 32-bits replicates 48-bits with some simple calculations and then the result is XOR with the 48-bits subkey. The 48-bits are splitted to 8 blocks of 6 bits and passed to the S-boxes. This is the most critical point of a block cipher and bad implementation of S-boxes can easily compromise security. A S-box is a function {0,1}6 → {0,1}4 and acts like a look-up table. The selection of these tables is of vital importance and has been a controversial matter for many years. It has been proved that linear S-boxes is definitely not an option. Even a partly linear S-box can run under some kind of attacks. After the implementation of all the S-boxes, a last permutation that maps the 32-bits around, takes place. The decryption circuit follows exactly the inverse procedure. Obviously, the encryption and decryption circuit are almost identical as the only actual difference is the order that the f1,f2,,fd functions are applied. This fact made DES very attractive to hardware developers because they had to implement just one algorithm for both procedures. 2.2 Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES) As already mentioned, DES has been proved to be vulnerable under certain types of attacks so significant has been made in order to improve the security of DES. For this reason, DES has been replaced by 3DES, which was published in 1998 To begin with, let E : KXM → M be a block cipher and lets define the function 3E : K3 → M as 3E((k1,k2,k3),m) = E(k1,D(k2,E(k3,m))), where D denotes the decryption algorithm. Actually, there are three encryption steps. The main question that arises here is why the middle one is a decryption algorithm and not and encryption algorithm. The answer is simple; this would have lead to the implementation of a single DES, beacause the first and the second DES operations cancel out. will cancel the other. Obviously, the key-size, as it was intended, has been increased to 168-bits, as each of the keys is 56-bits. There are three options for keys; in the first key options all the keys are independent, in the second option k1andk2 are independent and k3 = k1 and in the third all three key are identical, k1 = k2 = k3. The third option is no longer recommended by the NIST( National Institute of Standards and Technology), the first key option is the strongest with a total number of 168 key bits as mentioned above, and the second option is stronger that simply implementing DES twice. 2.3 Why not double DES? 3DES is considered to be a secure block cipher. Nevertheless, a normal question is why 2DES in not an option, as it may not seem easy to beak by brute force with a key-length space 2112. A 2DES can be defined in the following way; 2E(k1,k2),m) = E(k1,E(k2,m)) with a key length 112 bits. This construction turns out to be completely insecure and the reason for this is the meet-in-the-middle attack. Basically, if an attacker has at his disposal an actual message and the corresponding ciphertext, which will be of the same length, he will try to find a pair of key (k1,k2) that E(k1,E(k2,M)) = C. If we apply at both parts of this equation the decryption algorithm, then we get the get E(k2,M) = D(k1,C). So, the attacker will try to figure out which is the appropriate pair of key in order to map the message M and ciphertext C at the same point this also justifies the name of the attack meet-in-themiddle. The attack is structured in two steps: Firstly, the attacker has to build up a table wi th all the 2112 keys and the corresponding encryptions and then sort this list, and secondly, for all possible key that belongs to {0,1}56, he calculates D(k,C) and he looks for a match at the previous table. Whenever he finds the first match, his goal has been achieved. The running time of this attack is 256log(256) + 256log(256) < 263, time that is much smaller than the time that is necessary for brute force attack. 2.4 Advanced Encryption Standard(AES) It is widely acceptable AES has been adopted by the U.S. government and nowadays is used worldwide. As DES was proved insecure and 3DES quite slow, the demand for a more effective encryption scheme grew rapidly and at 1997 NIST requested a new proposal. After some investigation, NIST chose Rijndael as AES at 2000, a cipher that was designed in Belgium. AES, unlikely to its predecessor, its not a Feistel Network. In contrast, it is called a substitution-permutation network because both actions of permutation and substitution take place. AES has a fixed block size of 128-bits, although the key length can vary, 128,192 or 256 bits. Additionally, in every round of AES all bits change while in every round of DES half of the bits remain unchanged. Generally, a substitution permutation networks initial input is operated with an XOR with the corresponding round subkey, then goes through a substitution layer where there are some blocks, configured depending on what the substitution table says and finally a permutation layer follows where all bits are permuted. This procedure is repeated many times until the final outcome is produced. All steps of a substitution permutation network must be reversible in order to be able to decrypt. Specifically for AES, the 128-bits, which are equal to 16-bytes, are handled with the help of a 4X4 matrix with ten repeated rounds to follow. Each element of this matrix is one byte. Each byte comes under the XOR operation with the corresponding round subkey, and then a function is applied in every round that consists of three steps: (1) The Sub-Bytes step, according to which all bytes are replaced with other coming from a look-up table, named Rijndael S-box. This S-box is associated with the Galois Field(28) which is considered to have goo properties. This is a critical operation for the overall structure, as it provides AES with non-linearity. (2) The Shift-Rows step, where the last three rows of the current state are moved some certain positions to the left while the first row remains stable and (3) the Mix-Columns step, where all the bytes of each column of the current state are combined under a linear transformation. The last two steps provide AES with diffusion, a vital property for a secure cipher according to which if we change one bit of the plaintext then almost half of the bits o f the ciphertext will change. It is also considerable that the step Mix-Columns is omitted at the last round of AES. Each subkey is produced by the main key with some kind of expansion similar to the DES. The key expansion is introduced with a number of operations named rotate, Rcon, and S-box and then follows an inner loop in key schedule before the final subkey is produced. 3 Comparison and Attacks 3.1 Running time A real concern about which algorithm is appropriate, especially for commercial use, is the effectiveness and its running time. In general, the larger the block size is, the faster is the algorithm, obviously because larger amount of data is encrypted in one round of operations. Similarly, the smaller the key size is, the faster is the encryption algorithm, because the less key bits are involved in the operations and thus the complexity of them is reduced. A series of experiments have taken place to verify which of the famous encryption algorithms, AES,DES,3DES. Most of these experiments implement these encryption algorithms in Java, although there are some others that used C, most of them at a machine of Pentium 2 or Pentium 4. At most of these experiments, the fastest of these algorithms has been proved to be DES, followed by AES and finally from the 3DES, as it is three times slower than DES. It obviously doesnt make sense to examine the running time of these block ciphers in compl ete isolation with the security that they provide although it is definitely a factor that must be taken into consideration. 3.2 Software and Hardware Implementation Another important aspect that must be examined is the performance of these block ciphers in combination with the available hardware. Again, a lot of study has been carried out and provide us with some clear evidence. In compact architecture, 3DES, DES and AES have displayed very similar performance. In contrast, in high-speed architecture, AES is considered to be almost 4-times than the 3DES and DES. This is happening due to a variety of reasons, amongst them there is no hardware support for DES in modern CPUs, when from the other side there is for AES in increasingly many CPUs, including most targeting servers; hence hardware DES is oà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¾oaded to a distant IC, when AES is often in-core. Additionally, DES is often used in CBC mode which makes parallelization inevitable and processed in advance during encryption when AES is mainly used in CTR mode where the possibility of parallelization is available. Finally, DES, and its expansion 3DES is much slower in software than AES, obviously because it was designed back at 1976 before the 8086 processor was designed and uses a lot of bit operations that are not implemented suà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™ciently in a processor with a word oriented instruction set. 3.3 Attacks on DES and 3DES As already mentioned earlier at this paper, 2DES has been collapsed from the meet-in-the-middle-attack. Simultaneously, DES, despite its contribution to the overall development of cryptography, has also been defeated by a quite popular attack named exhaustive search. Exhaustive search means that the attacker will search the whole key space and he will find the appropriate, which is unique, in suà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient amount of time. There are some cases, even in the real world where the attacker can obtain some pairs (mi,ci), where m denotes a message and c the corresponding ciphertext. Under this small requirement, DES was badly broken. To be specific, a company named RSA, back at 1997 announced a problem with the name DES challenge. The company announced six ciphertexts and in parallel announced the first three actual messages and asked for the scientific community to search for the key and use it to obtain the other messages. The same year of the request the challenge had been solved. To go further, the rapid hardware  development was able to create a machine that find the key and solve the problem, equivalently crack DES, within less than one day at the year 1999 with exhaustive search, leading to the assumption that 56-bits length block ciphers should not be used any more. As DES is one of the most famous and controversial block ciphers, it is not entirely surprising that there is a variety of attacks developed against DES, some of them even faster than exhaustive search. Back at 1998, Kocher and Jun demonstrated a very innovative idea by making a side channel attack, introducing a new era for cryptography. Side channels attacks extract information from the physical implementation of the cipher. This type of attack was specifically against smart cards, and is based in power measurement. They actually measured precisely the running time of the smart cards and analysed the diagrams that they obtain from this measurement. In this way, they were able to learn wa s much time was consumed by in each operation from the smart card and find exactly the key. Nowadays, even smart cards are equipped with mechanisms that dont reveal any information of the power consumption there is an attack called differential power analysis, which can steal the secret key after running a lot of time the smart card. It should me mentioned that these attacks are quite general and not for smart cards. In addition, there is another type of a quite highly surprising class of attacks called fault attacks. In this occasion, the attacker can cause a malfunction to a mechanism, lets say to a smart card, for example by warming it up. If he manage to cause and recognise an error at the last round of DES he will be able to discover the secret key. The last attack that we would like to point out is the so called linear cryptanalysis. This is a generic attack and was introduced by Matsui at 1993 and is one of the most realistic, sophisticated and quick attacks on the DES. His a ttacks, and generally in linear cryptanalysis, one tries to find probalistic linear relations between the plaintext, the ciphertext and the secret key. He starts by examining linear relations at the S-boxes of one round and if he succeeds, he will use the to find out linear relations in one-round and then finally them iteratively to find multi-round relations. These relations from round to round are not independent. By combining all these linear relations, the attacker should be able to retrive the secret key. Matsui attack used 244 known plaintexts to find 13 bits of the secret key with a high probability . A similar method was applied to find another 13 bits and then for the remaining 30-bits he applied exhaustive search, he applied exhaustive search, reducing significantly the time that the initial exhaustive search demands. Today, linear cryptanalysis is considered to be, with some improvements, one of the most powerful attacks on DES. Although DES is considered to be faultless and no specific technical vulnerabilities has been found, a high level of linearity at the fifth box of DES has created the possibility for someone to generate this type of attack. Most of the previously referred attacks can also be implemented against 3DES, as the two block ciphers are obviously, highly related. To begin with, an exhaustive search is not suà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã†â€™cient any more as the key space, if we use three totally independent keys, is huge, especially if we take into consideration the computational power that a strong mahine can demonstrate nowadays. The meet-in-the middle-attack can be applied in a very similar mode, as the attacker can still create a sorted table with the first implementation of DES between one element of the table and the implementation of twice the DES at the opposite direction. The time needed for this attack is 2112, which is considered to be a high level of security, as nowadays a satisfactory level of security against a certain attack is approximately 290, although is still faster in comparison with exhaustive search. Lately, a new attack against block ciphers has been displayed, mainly intended against 3DES and Blowfish and exploits well known kind of vulnerabilities like collision and birthday attacks. Since this is currently under examination and was published only this year, we are not going to expand more. Overall, till today there is not a known and widely acceptable attack that cracks 3DES in a reasonable amount of time. 3.4 Attacks on AES Rijndael has outplayed all other candidates suggested for the AES and so has been analysed quite a bit the last decade. A lot of attacks have been introduced although none of them has hurt AESs security significantly. To begin with, there is a lot of analysis around the meet-in-the-middle attack and some possible improvements of it over the last five years. Gilbert and Minier have proved a very interesting distinguishing property for the first four rounds of AES with the following proposition; lets consider a set of 256 plaintexts where the entry a11 takes all byte values between 0 and 255 exactly once over a given set of plaintexts and all other entries are equal to a constant. If we encrypt this set with three rounds of AES then the function that maps a11 to C11 is determind by 9 fixed 1-byte parameters. C11 denotes the byte values at row i, column j. This proposition was used by them to implement the same idea of the meet-in-the-middle attack. Some further investigation have shown that the number of the parameters, and specifically for 13 or 14 bytes, and this is able to be reduced so the number of the required plaintexts will be minimized. Another famous class of attacks are called cache attacks. Cache is a small part of high speed memory and it aims to keep the CPU as much busy as possible. The catch parameters influence the running time of an algorithm. Specifically, when an element of a data array is called, then we have two possible outcomes. Id the element lies n the cache memory,then the access is instant. In a different situation, the element must be accessed from the main memory. This operation will be executed in significantly different running times and reveal valuable information. We can separate this class of attacks into three families; cold start misses, which arise for the first reference of the data, capacity misses which the magnitude of the element is bigger than the size o the cache and the conflict misses, which may happen in the case of accessing recently accessed data. 4 Conclusion In this paper we examined the structure of popular block ciphers that heavily influenced the development of Cryptography, like DES,3DES and AES and we have compared them in means of running time and software and hardware implementation. We have also considered some basic attacks that have been applied on these cryptosystems. We come to the conclusion that AES is the most safe and practical block ciphers, and this is justified by the fact that is has been chosen for encryption at a series of important applications nowadays. IS it estimated that AES will fully replace 3DES until 2030. There is not any doubt that AES is the most practical and convenient cipher from a hardware and running time perspective. Nevertheless, further investigation must definitely be carried out to ensure the the safety of AES, especially under the increasing enhancement of the technological means, is guaranteed. Finally, the attack Sweet32 is a newly invented attack and must carefully be examined, mainly becau se it is really compromise 3DES security, countermeasures must be taken DES will fully replaced by AES. 5 References [1] Dan Boneh and Victor Shoup, A Graduate Course of Cryptography, August 2015. [2] Diaa Salama Abd Elminaam,Hatem Mohamed Abdual Kader and Mohiy Mohamed Hadhoud, Evaluating The Performance of Symmetric Encryption Algorithms, Higher Technological Institute 10th of Ramadan City, Egypt, (Received Feb. 16, 2009; revised and accepted May 12, 2009) [3] Aamer Nadeem, Dr M. Younus Javed, A Performance Comparison of Data Encryption Algorithms, Department of Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. [4] Akashi Satoh and Sumio Morioka, Hardware-Focused Performance Comparison for the Standard Block Ciphers AES, Camellia, and Triple-DES, Tokyo Research Laboratory IBM Japan Ltd. [5] Huseyin Demirci, Ihsan TaskÄ ±n, Mustafa Coban, and Adnan Baysal, Improved Meet-in-the-Middle Attacks on AES, 2011. [6] Daniel J. Bernstein, Cache-timing attacks on AES, Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science (M/C 249) The University of Illinois at Chicago, 2005. [7] Eran Tromer, Dag Arne Osvik and Adi Shamir, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, G682, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA and Laboratory for Cryptologic Algorithms, Station 14,  ´Ecole Polytechnique F ´ed ´erale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland Received 20 July 2007 and revised 25 June 2009. [8] Anne Canteaut, C ´edric Lauradoux and Andr ´e Seznec, Understanding cache attacks, April 2006. [9] Johannes Blomer and Volker Krummel, Analysis of countermeasures against access driven cache attacks on AES, Faculty of Computer Science, Electrical Engineering and Mathematics University of Paderborn, Germany 2009. [10] Hamdan.O.Alanazi, B.B.Zaidan, A.A.Zaidan, Hamid A.Jalab, M.Shabbir and Y. Al-Nabhani, New Comparative Study Between DES, 3DES and AES within Nine Factors, Journal of Computing, Volume 2, Issue 3, March 2010. [11] Henri Gi lbert and Thomas Peyrin, Super-Sbox Cryptanalysis:Improved Attacks for AES-like Permutations, Orange Labs, France [12] Elisabeth Oswald, Stefan Mangard, Norbert Pramstaller and Vincent Rijmen, Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communciations (IAIK), Austria, 2005. [13] Kai Schramm, Gregor Leander, Patrick Felke and Christof Paar, A Collision-Attack on AES Combining Side Channel and Differential Attack, Horst Gortz Institute for IT Security, Germany 2005. [14] Alex Biryukov and Dmitry Khovratovich, Related-Key Cryptanalysis of the Full AES-192 and AES-256, University of Luxembourg 2011. [15] A Chosen-Plaintext Linear Attack on DES, Lars R. Knudsen and John Erik Mathiassen Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway, 2000. [16] Jawahar Thakur and Nagesh Kumar, DES, AES and Blowfish: Symmetric Key Cryptography, Algorithms Simulation Based Performance Analysis, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website: www.ije tae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 1, Issue 2, December 2011) [17] Stefan Tillich and Christoph Herbst, Attacking State-of-the-Art Software Countermeasures A Case Study for AES, Institute for Applied Information Processing and Communications, Inffeldgasse 16a, A-8010 Graz, Austria

This Is Audie Murphy Essay -- essays research papers

This is Audie Murphy's life story. At the tender age of 12, he becomes the head of the family after his father deserts them. He joins the army at the age of 18 and through the course of the war is decorated for valor nine times thus becoming the most decorated combat soldier in World War II. Audie does one of the bravest acts any soldier ever did during the war. He climbs aboard a burning tank destroyer and single handedly keeps the enemy from advancing on his position. He spends almost an hour on top of the tank destroyer until his ammunition is exhausted. Seconds later after climbing off the tank destroyer, it explodes. For this action, Audie receives the Medal of Honor. PVT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  30 Jun 42 PFC, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  7 May 43 CPL, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  15 Jul 43 SGT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 Dec 43 S/SGT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 Jan 44 2d LT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Oct 44 1st LT, AUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  16 Feb 45 1st LT, INF, ORC  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  21 Aug 45 CAPT, INF, TEX NG (Federal Recognition)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 July 50 CAPT, INF, NGUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  19 Oct 50 MAJ, INF, TEX NG (Federal Recognition)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Feb 56 MAJ, INF, NGUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 Feb 56 MAJ, INF, USAR  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Nov 66 SERVICE Audie L. Murphy enlisted in the Army of the United States, 30 June 1942, at Dallas, Te...